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Investing

What will my investments grow to, after fees and inflation?

Real returns, fees, allocation and rebalancing — and the tax on employer stock.

By 65$1.37M
Invested$420k
Real rate7%
Σ
The formula, always
Equation, worked example with your numbers, assumptions listed.
[1]
Primary sources, cited
IRS, Federal Reserve, BLS, Shiller. Dated and linked on every page.
0
Gates
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✓ Historical Returns on Stocks, Bonds and Bills: 1928-2025 · Aswath Damodaran, NYU Stern✓ Trends in the Expenses and Fees of Funds, 2025 · Investment Company Institute, March 25, 2026✓ Consumer Price Index, CPI-U all items, not seasonally adjusted (series CPIAUCNS) · U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, via FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis✓ Rebalancing · Investor.gov, U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission✓ Publication 15 (Circular E), Employer’s Tax Guide (2026), section 7: Supplemental Wages · Internal Revenue Service✓ Topic no. 427, Stock options · Internal Revenue Service✓ Managing your accounts to lower taxes (asset location) · Vanguard✓ Publication 525, Taxable and Nontaxable Income (Employee stock purchase plan) · Internal Revenue Service✓ IRR function · Microsoft Support (the IRR of periodic cash flows needs at least one positive and one negative value)✓ Fama/French 3 Factors, monthly (F-F_Research_Data_Factors), from the 202608 CRSP database · Kenneth R. French Data Library, Tuck School of Business at Dartmouth✓ Historical Returns on Stocks, Bonds and Bills: 1928-2025 · Aswath Damodaran, NYU Stern✓ Trends in the Expenses and Fees of Funds, 2025 · Investment Company Institute, March 25, 2026✓ Consumer Price Index, CPI-U all items, not seasonally adjusted (series CPIAUCNS) · U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, via FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis✓ Rebalancing · Investor.gov, U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission✓ Publication 15 (Circular E), Employer’s Tax Guide (2026), section 7: Supplemental Wages · Internal Revenue Service✓ Topic no. 427, Stock options · Internal Revenue Service✓ Managing your accounts to lower taxes (asset location) · Vanguard✓ Publication 525, Taxable and Nontaxable Income (Employee stock purchase plan) · Internal Revenue Service✓ IRR function · Microsoft Support (the IRR of periodic cash flows needs at least one positive and one negative value)✓ Fama/French 3 Factors, monthly (F-F_Research_Data_Factors), from the 202608 CRSP database · Kenneth R. French Data Library, Tuck School of Business at Dartmouth